# Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary napkins are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary materials used in sanitary napkins.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

The main components of sanitary napkins include the top sheet, absorbent core, back sheet, and adhesive. Each of these components plays a vital role in the overall functionality and comfort of the product.

### 1. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is typically made from non-woven fabric or perforated film. The primary properties of the top sheet include:

– **Softness**: Ensures comfort and prevents irritation.
– **Breathability**: Allows air circulation to reduce moisture buildup.
– **Quick-Dry**: Facilitates rapid absorption and drying to maintain dryness.

### 2. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the central part of the sanitary napkin responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is usually composed of a blend of fluff pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP). Key properties include:

– **High Absorbency**: Capable of holding a significant amount of fluid.
– **Retention**: Prevents leakage by retaining absorbed fluid.
– **Flexibility**: Adapts to body movements for enhanced comfort.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer that prevents leakage and provides a barrier to moisture. It is commonly made from polyethylene film or a breathable microporous film. Important properties are:

– **Waterproof**: Ensures no leakage through the back.
– **Breathability**: Reduces the risk of skin irritation by allowing moisture vapor to escape.
– **Durability**: Maintains integrity under stress and movement.

### 4. Adhesive

The adhesive is used to secure the sanitary napkin to the underwear. It is typically a pressure-sensitive adhesive that is safe for skin contact. Key properties include:

– **Strong Adhesion**: Ensures the napkin stays in place during use.
– **Skin-Friendly**: Non-irritating and hypoallergenic.
– **Residue-Free**: Leaves no sticky residue on clothing after removal.

## Additional Materials and Considerations

In addition to the core components, sanitary napkins may also include other materials such as fragrances, lotions, and colorants. These are added to enhance user experience but must be carefully selected to avoid skin irritation or allergic reactions.

### Fragrances

Fragrances are added to mask menstrual odor. They must be:

– **Mild**: To prevent irritation.
– **Non-Toxic**: Safe for prolonged skin contact.

### Lotions

Lotions are sometimes applied to the top sheet to provide a soothing effect. They should be:

– **Moisturizing**: To prevent dryness and irritation.
– **Hypoallergenic**: To minimize the risk of allergic reactions.

### Colorants

Colorants are used to give the napkin a visually appealing appearance. They must be:

– **Non-Toxic**: Safe for skin contact.
– **Stable**: Do not bleed or transfer onto skin or clothing.

## Conclusion

The composition and properties of the raw materials used in sanitary napkins are critical to their performance and user satisfaction. By understanding these components, manufacturers can produce high-quality products that meet the needs of consumers while ensuring safety and comfort.